-
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If I were to walk up to you on
the street and say you, please
-
tell me what-- so I didn't want
to write that thick --please
-
tell me what sine
of pi over 4 is.
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And, obviously, we're assuming
we're dealing in radians.
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You either have that memorized
or you would draw the
-
unit circle right there.
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That's not the best
looking unit circle,
-
but you get the idea.
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You'd go to pi over 4
radians, which is the
-
same thing as 45 degrees.
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You would draw that
unit radius out.
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And the sine is defined
as a y-coordinate
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on the unit circle.
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So you would just want to
know this value right here.
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And you would
immediately say OK.
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This is a 45 degrees.
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Let me draw the triangle
a little bit larger.
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The triangle looks like this.
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This is 45.
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That's 45.
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This is 90.
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And you can solve a
45 45 90 triangle.
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The hypotenuse is 1.
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This is x.
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This is x.
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They're going to be
the same values.
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This is an isosceles
triangle, right?
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Their base angles are the same.
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So you say, look. x squared
plus x squared is equal to 1
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squared, which is just 1.
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2x squared is equal to 1.
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x squared is equal to 1/2.
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x is equal to the square root
of 1/2, which is one over
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the square root of 2.
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I can put that in rational form
by multiplying that by the
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square root of 2 over 2.
-
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And I get x is equal to the
square root of 2 over 2.
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So the height here is
square root of 2 over 2.
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And if you wanted to know
this distance too, it would
-
also be the same thing.
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But we just cared
about the height.
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Because the sine value,
the sine of this, is just
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this height right here.
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The y-coordinate.
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And we got that as the
square root of 2 over 2.
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This is all review.
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We learned this in the
unit circle video.
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But what if someone else--
Let's say on another day, I
-
come up to you and I say you,
please tell me what the
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arcsine of the square
root of 2 over 2 is.
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What is the arcsine?
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And you're stumped.
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You're like I know what the
sine of an angle is, but this
-
is some new trigonometric
function that Sal has devised.
-
And all you have to realize,
when they have this word arc in
-
front of it-- This is also
sometimes referred to
-
as the inverse sine.
-
This could have just as easily
been written as: what is
-
the inverse sine of the
square root of 2 over 2?
-
All this is asking is what
angle would I have to take the
-
sine of in order to get the
value square root of 2 over 2.
-
This is also asking what angle
would I have to take the sine
-
of in order to get square
root of 2 over 2.
-
I could rewrite either of
these statements as saying
-
square-- Let me do it.
-
I could rewrite either of these
statements as saying sine
-
of what is equal to the
square root of 2 over 2.
-
And this, I think, is a
much easier question
-
for you to answer.
-
Sine of what is square
root of 2 over 2?
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Well I just figured out that
the sine of pi over 4 is
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square root of 2 over 2.
-
So, in this case, I know that
the sine of pi over 4 is equal
-
to square root of 2 over 2.
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So my question mark is
equal to pi over 4.
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Or, I could have rewritten
this as, the arcsine-- sorry
-
--arcsine of the square root of
2 over 2 is equal to pi over 4.
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Now you might say so, just as
review, I'm giving you a value
-
and I'm saying give me an angle
that gives me, when I take the
-
sine of that angle that
gives me that value.
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But you're like hey Sal.
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Look.
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Let me go over here.
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You're like, look
pi over 2 worked.
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45 degrees worked.
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But I could just keep adding
360 degrees or I could
-
keep just adding 2 pi.
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And all of those would work
because those would all get
-
me to that same point of
the unit circle, right?
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And you'd be correct.
-
And so all of those values, you
would think, would be valid
-
answers for this, right?
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Because if you take the sine of
any of those angles-- You could
-
just keep adding 360 degrees.
-
If you take the sine of any
of them, you would get
-
square root of 2 over 2.
-
And that's a problem.
-
You can't have a function where
if I take the function-- I
-
can't have a function, f
of x, where it maps to
-
multiple values, right?
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Where it maps to pi over 4, or
it maps to pi over 4 plus 2
-
pi or pi over 4 plus 4 pi.
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So in order for this to be a
valid function-- In order for
-
the inverse sine function to
be valid, I have to
-
restrict its range.
-
And the way that-- We'll
just restrict its range to
-
the most natural place.
-
So let's restrict its range.
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Actually, just as a
side note, what's its
-
domain restricted to?
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So if I'm taking the
arcsine of something.
-
So if I'm taking the arcsine of
x, and I'm saying that that is
-
equal to theta, what's the
domain restricted to?
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What are the valid values of x?
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x could be equal to what?
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Well if I take the sine of
any angle, I can only get
-
values between 1 and
negative 1, right?
-
So x is going to be greater
than or equal to negative 1 and
-
then less than or equal to 1.
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That's the domain.
-
Now, in order to make this
a valid function, I have
-
to restrict the range.
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The possible values.
-
I have to restrict the range.
-
Now for arcsine, the convention
is to restrict it to the
-
first and fourth quadrants.
-
To restrict the possible angles
to this area right here
-
along the unit circle.
-
So theta is restricted to being
less than or equal to pi over
-
2 and then greater than or
equal to minus pi over 2.
-
So given that, we now
understand what arcsine is.
-
Let's do another problem.
-
Clear out some space here.
-
Let me do another arcsine.
-
So let's say I were to ask you
what the arcsine of minus the
-
square root of 3 over 2 is.
-
-
Now you might have
that memorized.
-
And say, I immediately know
that sine of x, or sine
-
of theta is square
root of 3 over 2.
-
And you'd be done.
-
But I don't have
that memorized.
-
So let me just draw
my unit circle.
-
And when I'm dealing with
arcsine, I just have to
-
draw the first and fourth
quadrants of my unit circle.
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That's the y-axis.
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That's my x-axis.
-
x and y.
-
And where am I?
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If the sine of something is
minus square root of 3 over 2,
-
that means the y-coordinate on
the unit circle is minus
-
square root of 3 over 2.
-
So it means we're
right about there.
-
So this is minus the
square root of 3 over 2.
-
This is where we are.
-
Now what angle gives me that?
-
Let's think about
it a little bit.
-
My y-coordinate is minus
square root of 3 over 2.
-
This is the angle.
-
It's going to be a negative
angle because we're going
-
below the x-axis in the
clockwise direction.
-
And to figure out-- Let me just
draw a little triangle here.
-
Let me pick a better
color than that.
-
That's a triangle.
-
Let me do it in
this blue color.
-
So let me zoom up
that triangle.
-
Like that.
-
This is theta.
-
That's theta.
-
And what's this
length right here?
-
Well that's the same as
the y-height, I guess
-
we could call it.
-
Which is square
root of 3 over 2.
-
It's a minus because
we're going down.
-
But let's just figure
out this angle.
-
And we know it's a
negative angle.
-
So when you see a square root
of 3 over 2, hopefully you
-
recognize this is a
30 60 90 triangle.
-
The square root of 3 over 2.
-
This side is 1/2.
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And then, of course,
this side is 1.
-
Because this is a unit circle.
-
So its radius is 1.
-
So in a 30 60 90 triangle, the
side opposite to the square
-
root of 3 over 2 is 60 degrees.
-
This side over here
is 30 degrees.
-
So we know that our theta
is-- This is 60 degrees.
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That's its magnitude.
-
But it's going downwards.
-
So it's minus 60 degrees.
-
So theta is equal to
minus 60 degrees.
-
But if we're dealing
in radians, that's
-
not good enough.
-
So we can multiply that times
100-- sorry --pi radians
-
for every 180 degrees.
-
Degrees cancel out.
-
And we're left with
theta is equal to minus
-
pi over 3 radians.
-
And so we can say-- We can now
make the statements that the
-
arcsine of minus square root
of 3 over 2 is equal to
-
minus pi over 3 radians.
-
Or we could say the inverse
sign of minus square root
-
of 3 over 2 is equal to
minus pi over 3 radians.
-
And to confirm this, let's
just-- Let me get a
-
little calculator out.
-
I put this in radian
mode already.
-
You can just check that.
-
Per second mode.
-
I'm in radian mode.
-
So I know I'm going to get,
hopefully, the right answer.
-
And I want to figure
out the inverse sign.
-
So the inverse sine-- the
second and the sine button
-
--of the minus square
root of 3 over 2.
-
It equals minus 1.04.
-
So it's telling me that this is
equal to minus 1.04 radians.
-
So pi over 3 must
be equal to 1.04.
-
Let's see if I can
confirm that.
-
So if I were to write minus pi
divided by 3, what do I get?
-
I get the exact same value.
-
So my calculator gave me the
exact same value, but it might
-
have not been that helpful
because my calculator doesn't
-
tell me that this is
minus pi over 3.
-