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Inverse Trig Functions: Arcsin

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    If I were to walk up to you on
    the street and say you, please
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    tell me what-- so I didn't want
    to write that thick --please
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    tell me what sine
    of pi over 4 is.
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    And, obviously, we're assuming
    we're dealing in radians.
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    You either have that memorized
    or you would draw the
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    unit circle right there.
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    That's not the best
    looking unit circle,
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    but you get the idea.
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    You'd go to pi over 4
    radians, which is the
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    same thing as 45 degrees.
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    You would draw that
    unit radius out.
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    And the sine is defined
    as a y-coordinate
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    on the unit circle.
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    So you would just want to
    know this value right here.
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    And you would
    immediately say OK.
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    This is a 45 degrees.
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    Let me draw the triangle
    a little bit larger.
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    The triangle looks like this.
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    This is 45.
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    That's 45.
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    This is 90.
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    And you can solve a
    45 45 90 triangle.
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    The hypotenuse is 1.
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    This is x.
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    This is x.
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    They're going to be
    the same values.
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    This is an isosceles
    triangle, right?
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    Their base angles are the same.
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    So you say, look. x squared
    plus x squared is equal to 1
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    squared, which is just 1.
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    2x squared is equal to 1.
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    x squared is equal to 1/2.
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    x is equal to the square root
    of 1/2, which is one over
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    the square root of 2.
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    I can put that in rational form
    by multiplying that by the
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    square root of 2 over 2.
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    And I get x is equal to the
    square root of 2 over 2.
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    So the height here is
    square root of 2 over 2.
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    And if you wanted to know
    this distance too, it would
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    also be the same thing.
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    But we just cared
    about the height.
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    Because the sine value,
    the sine of this, is just
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    this height right here.
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    The y-coordinate.
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    And we got that as the
    square root of 2 over 2.
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    This is all review.
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    We learned this in the
    unit circle video.
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    But what if someone else--
    Let's say on another day, I
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    come up to you and I say you,
    please tell me what the
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    arcsine of the square
    root of 2 over 2 is.
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    What is the arcsine?
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    And you're stumped.
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    You're like I know what the
    sine of an angle is, but this
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    is some new trigonometric
    function that Sal has devised.
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    And all you have to realize,
    when they have this word arc in
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    front of it-- This is also
    sometimes referred to
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    as the inverse sine.
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    This could have just as easily
    been written as: what is
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    the inverse sine of the
    square root of 2 over 2?
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    All this is asking is what
    angle would I have to take the
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    sine of in order to get the
    value square root of 2 over 2.
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    This is also asking what angle
    would I have to take the sine
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    of in order to get square
    root of 2 over 2.
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    I could rewrite either of
    these statements as saying
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    square-- Let me do it.
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    I could rewrite either of these
    statements as saying sine
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    of what is equal to the
    square root of 2 over 2.
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    And this, I think, is a
    much easier question
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    for you to answer.
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    Sine of what is square
    root of 2 over 2?
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    Well I just figured out that
    the sine of pi over 4 is
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    square root of 2 over 2.
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    So, in this case, I know that
    the sine of pi over 4 is equal
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    to square root of 2 over 2.
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    So my question mark is
    equal to pi over 4.
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    Or, I could have rewritten
    this as, the arcsine-- sorry
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    --arcsine of the square root of
    2 over 2 is equal to pi over 4.
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    Now you might say so, just as
    review, I'm giving you a value
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    and I'm saying give me an angle
    that gives me, when I take the
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    sine of that angle that
    gives me that value.
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    But you're like hey Sal.
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    Look.
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    Let me go over here.
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    You're like, look
    pi over 2 worked.
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    45 degrees worked.
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    But I could just keep adding
    360 degrees or I could
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    keep just adding 2 pi.
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    And all of those would work
    because those would all get
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    me to that same point of
    the unit circle, right?
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    And you'd be correct.
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    And so all of those values, you
    would think, would be valid
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    answers for this, right?
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    Because if you take the sine of
    any of those angles-- You could
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    just keep adding 360 degrees.
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    If you take the sine of any
    of them, you would get
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    square root of 2 over 2.
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    And that's a problem.
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    You can't have a function where
    if I take the function-- I
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    can't have a function, f
    of x, where it maps to
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    multiple values, right?
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    Where it maps to pi over 4, or
    it maps to pi over 4 plus 2
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    pi or pi over 4 plus 4 pi.
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    So in order for this to be a
    valid function-- In order for
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    the inverse sine function to
    be valid, I have to
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    restrict its range.
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    And the way that-- We'll
    just restrict its range to
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    the most natural place.
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    So let's restrict its range.
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    Actually, just as a
    side note, what's its
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    domain restricted to?
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    So if I'm taking the
    arcsine of something.
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    So if I'm taking the arcsine of
    x, and I'm saying that that is
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    equal to theta, what's the
    domain restricted to?
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    What are the valid values of x?
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    x could be equal to what?
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    Well if I take the sine of
    any angle, I can only get
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    values between 1 and
    negative 1, right?
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    So x is going to be greater
    than or equal to negative 1 and
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    then less than or equal to 1.
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    That's the domain.
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    Now, in order to make this
    a valid function, I have
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    to restrict the range.
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    The possible values.
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    I have to restrict the range.
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    Now for arcsine, the convention
    is to restrict it to the
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    first and fourth quadrants.
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    To restrict the possible angles
    to this area right here
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    along the unit circle.
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    So theta is restricted to being
    less than or equal to pi over
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    2 and then greater than or
    equal to minus pi over 2.
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    So given that, we now
    understand what arcsine is.
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    Let's do another problem.
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    Clear out some space here.
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    Let me do another arcsine.
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    So let's say I were to ask you
    what the arcsine of minus the
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    square root of 3 over 2 is.
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    Now you might have
    that memorized.
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    And say, I immediately know
    that sine of x, or sine
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    of theta is square
    root of 3 over 2.
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    And you'd be done.
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    But I don't have
    that memorized.
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    So let me just draw
    my unit circle.
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    And when I'm dealing with
    arcsine, I just have to
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    draw the first and fourth
    quadrants of my unit circle.
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    That's the y-axis.
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    That's my x-axis.
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    x and y.
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    And where am I?
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    If the sine of something is
    minus square root of 3 over 2,
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    that means the y-coordinate on
    the unit circle is minus
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    square root of 3 over 2.
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    So it means we're
    right about there.
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    So this is minus the
    square root of 3 over 2.
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    This is where we are.
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    Now what angle gives me that?
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    Let's think about
    it a little bit.
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    My y-coordinate is minus
    square root of 3 over 2.
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    This is the angle.
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    It's going to be a negative
    angle because we're going
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    below the x-axis in the
    clockwise direction.
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    And to figure out-- Let me just
    draw a little triangle here.
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    Let me pick a better
    color than that.
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    That's a triangle.
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    Let me do it in
    this blue color.
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    So let me zoom up
    that triangle.
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    Like that.
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    This is theta.
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    That's theta.
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    And what's this
    length right here?
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    Well that's the same as
    the y-height, I guess
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    we could call it.
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    Which is square
    root of 3 over 2.
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    It's a minus because
    we're going down.
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    But let's just figure
    out this angle.
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    And we know it's a
    negative angle.
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    So when you see a square root
    of 3 over 2, hopefully you
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    recognize this is a
    30 60 90 triangle.
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    The square root of 3 over 2.
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    This side is 1/2.
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    And then, of course,
    this side is 1.
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    Because this is a unit circle.
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    So its radius is 1.
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    So in a 30 60 90 triangle, the
    side opposite to the square
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    root of 3 over 2 is 60 degrees.
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    This side over here
    is 30 degrees.
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    So we know that our theta
    is-- This is 60 degrees.
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    That's its magnitude.
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    But it's going downwards.
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    So it's minus 60 degrees.
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    So theta is equal to
    minus 60 degrees.
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    But if we're dealing
    in radians, that's
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    not good enough.
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    So we can multiply that times
    100-- sorry --pi radians
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    for every 180 degrees.
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    Degrees cancel out.
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    And we're left with
    theta is equal to minus
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    pi over 3 radians.
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    And so we can say-- We can now
    make the statements that the
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    arcsine of minus square root
    of 3 over 2 is equal to
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    minus pi over 3 radians.
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    Or we could say the inverse
    sign of minus square root
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    of 3 over 2 is equal to
    minus pi over 3 radians.
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    And to confirm this, let's
    just-- Let me get a
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    little calculator out.
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    I put this in radian
    mode already.
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    You can just check that.
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    Per second mode.
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    I'm in radian mode.
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    So I know I'm going to get,
    hopefully, the right answer.
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    And I want to figure
    out the inverse sign.
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    So the inverse sine-- the
    second and the sine button
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    --of the minus square
    root of 3 over 2.
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    It equals minus 1.04.
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    So it's telling me that this is
    equal to minus 1.04 radians.
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    So pi over 3 must
    be equal to 1.04.
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    Let's see if I can
    confirm that.
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    So if I were to write minus pi
    divided by 3, what do I get?
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    I get the exact same value.
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    So my calculator gave me the
    exact same value, but it might
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    have not been that helpful
    because my calculator doesn't
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    tell me that this is
    minus pi over 3.
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Title:
Inverse Trig Functions: Arcsin
Description:

Introduction to the inverse trig function arcsin

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Video Language:
English
Duration:
10:36

English subtitles

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