Using TI calculator for P-value from t statistic | AP Statistics | Khan Academy

- [Instructor] Miriam was
testing her null hypothesis

that the population mean of some data set

is equal to 18 versus her
alternative hypothesis

is that the mean is less than 18

with a sample of seven observations.

Her test statistic, I
can never say that right,

was t is equal to negative 1.9.

Assume that the conditions
for inference were met.

What is the approximate p
value for Miriam's test?

So, pause this video and see if you

can figure this out on your own.

Alright, what I always like
to remind ourselves what's

going on here before I go ahead
and calculate the p value.

There's some data set,
some population here

and the null hypothesis is
that the true mean is 18,

the alternative is that it's less than 18.

To test that null hypothesis,
Miriam takes a sample,

sample size is equal to seven.

From that, she would
calculate her sample mean

and her sample standard deviation,

and from that, she would
calculate this t statistic.

The way she would do that or if they

didn't tell us ahead
of time what that was.

We would say the t statistic
is equal to her sample mean,

minus the assumed mean
from the null hypothesis,

that's what we have over here, divided by

and this is a mouthful, our approximation

of the standard error of the mean.

The way we get that approximation,

we take our sample standard deviation

and divide it by the square
root of our sample size.

Well, they've calculated
this ahead of time for us.

This is equal to negative 1.9.

So, if we think about a t distribution,

I'll try to hand draw a rough
t distribution really fast,

and if this is the mean
of the t distribution,

what we are curious about,
because our alternative

hypothesis is that the
mean is less than 18.

What we care about is,
what is the probability

of getting a t value that
is more than 1.9 below

the mean so this right
over here, negative 1.9.

It's this area, right there.

I'm gonna do this with a TI-84,

at least an emulator of a TI-84.

All we have to do is, we
would go to 2nd distribution

and then I would use the t cumulative

distribution function so let's go there,

that's the number six
right there, click enter.

My lower bound...

Yeah, I essentially wanted
it to be negative infinity

and we can just call
that negative infinity.

It's an approximation of negative

infinity, very, very low number.

Our upper bound would be
negative 1.9, negative 1.9.

And then our degrees of freedom,

that's our sample size minus one.

Our sample size is seven so our

degrees of freedom would be six.

There we have it.

This would be, our p value
would be approximately 0.053.

Our p value would be approximately 0.053.

Then what Miriam would do is,
would compare this p value

to her preset significance
level, to alpha.

If this is below alpha,
then she would reject

her null hypothesis, which
would suggest the alternative.

If this is above alpha, then she would

fail to reject her null hypothesis.