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In this video, I'm going to show you how
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to do IP version 6 subnetting. IP version
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6 is little bit of scary. It's not like
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IP version 4
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with regular decimal numbers that we
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can understand.
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IP version 6 uses hexadecimal number
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that we normally don't use every day.
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That's why it's
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much difficult to fathom those numbers.
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Regardless, IP version 6 is going to be
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the next generation internet protocol.
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And its adoption is increasing faster.
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If we look at the overall traffic and the
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network advertisements,
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over 25% of all
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internet-connected networks advertise
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IP version 6 connectivity. So you can
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tell
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this is going to
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increase further, not going to go down.
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So that means we all have to get
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familiarized with IP version 6
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like we did with IP version 4.
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If we look at the IP version 6, it
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has 8 groups of four hexadecimal digits.
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You see here, four hexadecimal digit and
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a total of eight groups separated by
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colons.
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And the first part is- first three is
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used for network parts. It's like IP
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version 4. IP version 4
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has different classes and there is
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network
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digits and
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client digits.
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Likewise in here,
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it has network portion and the subnet
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portion
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and
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client ID portion.
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So let me go a little further and look
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at
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the ipv version 6
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addressing
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so
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there are eight groups and
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each one is a hexadecimal digit so here
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you have four hexadecimal digit
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and each hexadecimal digit
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has
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four
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binary bits
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so that means
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one group is going to be 4 into 4
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16 and if you multiply 16 into 8 you
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come up with 128
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so
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ip version 6 is a 128 bit long
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not like ip version 4 which is a 32
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bit long so so if you look at the chart
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this is a hexadecimal chart as i told
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you before each hexadecimal digit
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is
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composed of
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4 binary numbers and it goes from
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0 to 15
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and hex this is a decimal
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number 0 to 15 so we are not going to
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use
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these decimal numbers we are going to
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use the hexadecimal representation
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and
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it goes from 0
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up to 9 as same as a decimal
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and then goes into a to f
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that's what
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it makes a hexadecimal number and these
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are the binary representation of these
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numbers so if we look at uh
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here
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2
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and 2 is so these four numbers here
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that is zero zero one zero
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that represent two
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and you see here zero zero one zero
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that's represent two
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and let me go back there and
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so these are zeros so all of them are
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going to be
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zeros that is mean that means eight
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zeros and then one one is going to be
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zero zero zero one so if you go here 1
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that is 0 0 0 1 so that's how you
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convert
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hexadecimal
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digit into binary bits
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so you know how to convert all of them
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so all these numbers
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came from the hexadecimal
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digits
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and when you write these numbers
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if you have all of them zeros
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consecutive zeros uh in a group
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you can represent by two colons
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but you cannot use these two columns
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twice
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because that is that will be problematic
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because
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you have you know the algorithm know
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everything else come here
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after zero but if you put
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uh
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two colons here
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it's going to
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it's not going to know how many groups
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come here company how many groups come
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here so you can use these two columns
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only once
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and then you can
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remove these leading zeros
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so that means you can write it in a
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different way i'm going to get to that
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in
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another section here
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so if you look at here
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this is a
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unedited
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unabbreviated ipv6 number and then
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you can
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make all zeros into one one zero
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and
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you can write it down as it is here
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there's nothing to abbreviate
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and here you have two continuous
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uh groups of zeros so you can
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represent this with
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two colons
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so if you come
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to the final thing
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so this come as it is and you can
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represent this
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with the
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single zero and you have to write it as
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it is you can represent everything into
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two columns
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and then you can remove this leading
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zero
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and then you have to write this one as
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uh as it is so this is the
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abbreviated ip version 6
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number because
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writing a big a long 128 bit
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is very cumbersome so
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if you can abbreviate
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you have to just put it this way
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so um
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let me go back
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here so we looked at
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what is ip version 6 here
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and then we understand how we can
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write ipversion 6 addresses
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and how we can abbreviate so now we get
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to the
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ip version 6 subnetting part before we
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go into subnetting part we need to know
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how to obtain ip version 6 address
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so if you are a regular customer
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you can get the ip version 6 address
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from your isp if you are a charter or
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verizon or a tnt
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customer your isp will provide you with
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an ip version 6 address
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but if you are an isp or a large
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enterprise
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customer or a university or institution
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you have to
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request a big block of ipa attacks
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because it's not like a customer you
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just get one ip and you're done with it
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they will need thousands and thousands
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of
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addresses for their large institution
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and the customers
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so you have to request an ipv6 block
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from one of these organizations so
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this is called a regional
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internet registry
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so there will be five of them
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in a different region so if you are in
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north america you have to go
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ari and aaron
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they are the one providing you
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the ip version 6 adder so you have to
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contact and create a login with them and
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then request ipv version 6 block if you
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already have a ip version
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for allocation from them it's pretty
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simple the process would be pretty
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simple
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uh okay so um as i told you before
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this is the the first three is going to
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be the routing uh prefix
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and this is for
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the subnet id
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so routing prefix can be said it's
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network
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and this is for subnet and this is for
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clients
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so you will be getting the first two
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portion
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from the iron that's if you are north
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america
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these two will come from
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the iron and then
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the third one is going to represent your
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region or your institution so if you are
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a university
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uh you can decide this part of it
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so let me go to the blog so you will
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understand it further
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so block size
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if you are a big uh large institution
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you will be provided with uh
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32 at us so slash 32 means
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uh each block is 60 so 16 into 232 so
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you will end up with only these two and
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you have to make up everything else from
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there
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and if you are
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you know if you have this many sites
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next level is
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36 block and next level is 40 and
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44 and 48. if you have one single site
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you will be provided with a slash 48
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okay so let's um look at i'm going to go
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here first
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uh this is the ipv version 6 uh
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subnet uh cheat sheet
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let me go in there before i start the
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subnetting part of it so if you see here
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ipv6 subnet cheat sheet and ipv6
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cheat seed reference this tells you okay
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how many ip address you will get if you
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use this cider number so slash 28
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you have just one it's like a slash 32
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in ip version
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four
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and then if you go down to the path you
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know it will be increasing
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and then
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you come here
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that will be
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64 residential
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so
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if a block is
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64.
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let me tell you one thing uh here so
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that means
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in ipv version 6
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4 we have a concept it's like a you
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cannot use the first ip and last ip that
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is used for
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network and for the
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broadcast ip but ipv6 is not like that
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you can use all the ips available so if
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you get a slash
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64
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that means
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let me go here and then i'll show you
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here so
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this is where the slash 64 comes so if
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you see like a 4
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network part and subnet id
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slash 64 here so that means
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if you are getting a slash 64 you have
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only
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one
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network one subnet
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so that's why
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one side
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that's why it this
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this is telling you
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a residential allocation slash 64. and
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other 64 all can be host
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so you can
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have
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this many number of hosts in a slash 64
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ip address
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block
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and you go down here
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and then you come here it's a business
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if you are using a slash 48 it's going
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to be a
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business one
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and
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if you are
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go
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this is 32
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is going to be the
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isp allocation so if you are a charter
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communication or
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a tnt a verizon uh aaron will be
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providing them with the slash 32
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uh subnet
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and that's the one you can
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get uh the biggest one you can get from
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aaron or any other uh
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internet registry so let me go back here
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and we
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i'm going to go to this
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calculator this is where i'm going to do
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the
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the calculation part of it
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so uh for this i'm going to grab
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an address here
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so i can show you
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how the allocation works so
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so this is the address
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i have been given by aaron
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so it's going to be two
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colons
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and
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that's going to be 32.
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so you uh say if you are isp or
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university you will be provided with
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this block so when you get this block
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you put this one here
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and you can go down here and find out
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how many
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smaller subnet you can create from this
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block so
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if you have just 32 is just one subnet
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and if you are going to create two
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subnets
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from this 32 that will be
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33. so if you can go down here all the
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way
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and that will be
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uh you know
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tells you if you under 60 subnets you
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will be having a lot many subnets here
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so the best idea in subnetting is if you
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are going to
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divide this 32
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uh
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you have to follow
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this one uh let me show you
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this
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allocation uh
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typing
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this allocation type so
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for one site
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think about you have a big site you had
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a you have a very big department
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or something so
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say
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school of engineering you want to
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allocate them with the 48
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so i will go
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here so you have to start with first you
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start with 40 that's the recommendation
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from 32 go to 40
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so you will have 256
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40s so that means
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you can allocate this one to 40 a big
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big
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entities within your organization
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and then what you do is you take
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so you have to
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256 40s
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say you you have a big pie
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and you take the pie
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cut into 40s first so you will get
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256 pieces
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and then you take the first piece here
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right
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and then you cut that first piece
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i would say
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take the first piece
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and cut that first piece this is a 40
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subnet
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and you can create
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how many 44s so you can create
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from 40 to
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44 you can create
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44
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you can create 16 subnets of 44.
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and let me go to the block again so 48
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to 44
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and then
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uh so we are coming in this side
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so
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it recommends 36 also so you can do 36
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before 40. so
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let me go here
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32
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and you go to
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36
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so you have 16 36 subnets
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and you take the first 36
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and make it
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as
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40s
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and you can create another
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16
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40s
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and you take the 40s
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and do 44.
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and you take the first one
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that's not going to change
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here
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uh they take the first one and create 44
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you have another 16 inside
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and then you take that
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44
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and you create
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48
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so you have another 16 here
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right
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and this one will give you so many
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address so if you look at so you take
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this 48
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and
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divide this
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into
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64 subnets this is the recommended uh
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client subnet
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so you take uh 64. so you have 65 536
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client subnets you can
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create from 148.
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so think about how many subnets you
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already have
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so if you go to the cheat sheet
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and if you look at
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here
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you have a slash 64
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right
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uh you have a slash 64
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65 536
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subnets
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and each subnet can have
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this many hosts
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so
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that's why you know ip version 6 is
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enormous
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and you get
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trillions and trillions of
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addresses
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you can get so let me
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look at
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how many
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c
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client ip
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in ip
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ipv6
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so
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let me how many ip addresses does
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support
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so it it support this many you know is
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unbelievable
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uh this is equal to
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340 trillion trillion trillion ip
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addresses so
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that's why they created this ip address
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never
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deplete like ipv4 address hope you liked
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this video if so please hit the like
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time