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IPv6 Subnetting Made Simple – Explained in Detail

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    In this video, I'm going to show you how
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    to do IP version 6 subnetting. IP version
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    6 is little bit of scary. It's not like
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    IP version 4
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    with regular decimal numbers that we
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    can understand.
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    IP version 6 uses hexadecimal number
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    that we normally don't use every day.
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    That's why it's
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    much difficult to fathom those numbers.
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    Regardless, IP version 6 is going to be
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    the next generation internet protocol.
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    And its adoption is increasing faster.
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    If we look at the overall traffic and the
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    network advertisements,
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    over 25% of all
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    internet-connected networks advertise
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    IP version 6 connectivity. So you can
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    tell
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    this is going to
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    increase further, not going to go down.
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    So that means we all have to get
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    familiarized with IP version 6
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    like we did with IP version 4.
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    If we look at the IP version 6, it
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    has 8 groups of four hexadecimal digits.
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    You see here, four hexadecimal digit and
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    a total of eight groups separated by
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    colons.
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    And the first part is- first three is
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    used for network parts. It's like IP
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    version 4. IP version 4
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    has different classes and there is
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    network
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    digits and
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    client digits.
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    Likewise in here,
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    it has network portion and the subnet
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    portion
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    and
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    client ID portion.
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    So let me go a little further and look
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    at
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    the ipv version 6
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    addressing
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    so
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    there are eight groups and
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    each one is a hexadecimal digit so here
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    you have four hexadecimal digit
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    and each hexadecimal digit
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    has
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    four
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    binary bits
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    so that means
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    one group is going to be 4 into 4
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    16 and if you multiply 16 into 8 you
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    come up with 128
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    so
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    ip version 6 is a 128 bit long
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    not like ip version 4 which is a 32
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    bit long so so if you look at the chart
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    this is a hexadecimal chart as i told
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    you before each hexadecimal digit
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    is
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    composed of
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    4 binary numbers and it goes from
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    0 to 15
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    and hex this is a decimal
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    number 0 to 15 so we are not going to
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    use
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    these decimal numbers we are going to
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    use the hexadecimal representation
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    and
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    it goes from 0
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    up to 9 as same as a decimal
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    and then goes into a to f
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    that's what
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    it makes a hexadecimal number and these
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    are the binary representation of these
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    numbers so if we look at uh
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    here
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    2
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    and 2 is so these four numbers here
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    that is zero zero one zero
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    that represent two
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    and you see here zero zero one zero
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    that's represent two
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    and let me go back there and
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    so these are zeros so all of them are
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    going to be
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    zeros that is mean that means eight
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    zeros and then one one is going to be
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    zero zero zero one so if you go here 1
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    that is 0 0 0 1 so that's how you
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    convert
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    hexadecimal
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    digit into binary bits
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    so you know how to convert all of them
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    so all these numbers
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    came from the hexadecimal
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    digits
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    and when you write these numbers
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    if you have all of them zeros
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    consecutive zeros uh in a group
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    you can represent by two colons
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    but you cannot use these two columns
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    twice
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    because that is that will be problematic
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    because
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    you have you know the algorithm know
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    everything else come here
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    after zero but if you put
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    uh
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    two colons here
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    it's going to
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    it's not going to know how many groups
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    come here company how many groups come
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    here so you can use these two columns
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    only once
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    and then you can
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    remove these leading zeros
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    so that means you can write it in a
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    different way i'm going to get to that
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    in
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    another section here
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    so if you look at here
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    this is a
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    unedited
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    unabbreviated ipv6 number and then
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    you can
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    make all zeros into one one zero
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    and
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    you can write it down as it is here
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    there's nothing to abbreviate
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    and here you have two continuous
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    uh groups of zeros so you can
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    represent this with
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    two colons
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    so if you come
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    to the final thing
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    so this come as it is and you can
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    represent this
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    with the
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    single zero and you have to write it as
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    it is you can represent everything into
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    two columns
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    and then you can remove this leading
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    zero
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    and then you have to write this one as
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    uh as it is so this is the
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    abbreviated ip version 6
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    number because
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    writing a big a long 128 bit
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    is very cumbersome so
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    if you can abbreviate
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    you have to just put it this way
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    so um
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    let me go back
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    here so we looked at
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    what is ip version 6 here
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    and then we understand how we can
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    write ipversion 6 addresses
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    and how we can abbreviate so now we get
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    to the
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    ip version 6 subnetting part before we
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    go into subnetting part we need to know
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    how to obtain ip version 6 address
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    so if you are a regular customer
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    you can get the ip version 6 address
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    from your isp if you are a charter or
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    verizon or a tnt
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    customer your isp will provide you with
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    an ip version 6 address
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    but if you are an isp or a large
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    enterprise
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    customer or a university or institution
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    you have to
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    request a big block of ipa attacks
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    because it's not like a customer you
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    just get one ip and you're done with it
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    they will need thousands and thousands
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    of
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    addresses for their large institution
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    and the customers
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    so you have to request an ipv6 block
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    from one of these organizations so
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    this is called a regional
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    internet registry
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    so there will be five of them
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    in a different region so if you are in
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    north america you have to go
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    ari and aaron
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    they are the one providing you
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    the ip version 6 adder so you have to
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    contact and create a login with them and
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    then request ipv version 6 block if you
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    already have a ip version
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    for allocation from them it's pretty
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    simple the process would be pretty
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    simple
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    uh okay so um as i told you before
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    this is the the first three is going to
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    be the routing uh prefix
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    and this is for
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    the subnet id
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    so routing prefix can be said it's
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    network
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    and this is for subnet and this is for
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    clients
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    so you will be getting the first two
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    portion
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    from the iron that's if you are north
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    america
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    these two will come from
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    the iron and then
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    the third one is going to represent your
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    region or your institution so if you are
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    a university
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    uh you can decide this part of it
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    so let me go to the blog so you will
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    understand it further
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    so block size
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    if you are a big uh large institution
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    you will be provided with uh
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    32 at us so slash 32 means
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    uh each block is 60 so 16 into 232 so
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    you will end up with only these two and
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    you have to make up everything else from
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    there
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    and if you are
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    you know if you have this many sites
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    next level is
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    36 block and next level is 40 and
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    44 and 48. if you have one single site
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    you will be provided with a slash 48
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    okay so let's um look at i'm going to go
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    here first
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    uh this is the ipv version 6 uh
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    subnet uh cheat sheet
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    let me go in there before i start the
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    subnetting part of it so if you see here
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    ipv6 subnet cheat sheet and ipv6
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    cheat seed reference this tells you okay
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    how many ip address you will get if you
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    use this cider number so slash 28
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    you have just one it's like a slash 32
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    in ip version
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    four
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    and then if you go down to the path you
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    know it will be increasing
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    and then
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    you come here
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    that will be
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    64 residential
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    so
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    if a block is
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    64.
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    let me tell you one thing uh here so
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    that means
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    in ipv version 6
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    4 we have a concept it's like a you
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    cannot use the first ip and last ip that
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    is used for
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    network and for the
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    broadcast ip but ipv6 is not like that
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    you can use all the ips available so if
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    you get a slash
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    64
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    that means
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    let me go here and then i'll show you
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    here so
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    this is where the slash 64 comes so if
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    you see like a 4
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    network part and subnet id
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    slash 64 here so that means
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    if you are getting a slash 64 you have
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    only
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    one
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    network one subnet
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    so that's why
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    one side
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    that's why it this
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    this is telling you
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    a residential allocation slash 64. and
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    other 64 all can be host
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    so you can
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    have
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    this many number of hosts in a slash 64
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    ip address
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    block
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    and you go down here
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    and then you come here it's a business
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    if you are using a slash 48 it's going
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    to be a
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    business one
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    and
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    if you are
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    go
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    this is 32
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    is going to be the
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    isp allocation so if you are a charter
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    communication or
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    a tnt a verizon uh aaron will be
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    providing them with the slash 32
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    uh subnet
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    and that's the one you can
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    get uh the biggest one you can get from
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    aaron or any other uh
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    internet registry so let me go back here
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    and we
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    i'm going to go to this
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    calculator this is where i'm going to do
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    the
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    the calculation part of it
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    so uh for this i'm going to grab
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    an address here
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    so i can show you
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    how the allocation works so
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    so this is the address
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    i have been given by aaron
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    so it's going to be two
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    colons
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    and
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    that's going to be 32.
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    so you uh say if you are isp or
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    university you will be provided with
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    this block so when you get this block
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    you put this one here
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    and you can go down here and find out
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    how many
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    smaller subnet you can create from this
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    block so
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    if you have just 32 is just one subnet
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    and if you are going to create two
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    subnets
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    from this 32 that will be
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    33. so if you can go down here all the
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    way
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    and that will be
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    uh you know
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    tells you if you under 60 subnets you
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    will be having a lot many subnets here
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    so the best idea in subnetting is if you
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    are going to
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    divide this 32
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    uh
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    you have to follow
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    this one uh let me show you
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    this
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    allocation uh
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    typing
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    this allocation type so
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    for one site
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    think about you have a big site you had
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    a you have a very big department
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    or something so
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    say
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    school of engineering you want to
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    allocate them with the 48
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    so i will go
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    here so you have to start with first you
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    start with 40 that's the recommendation
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    from 32 go to 40
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    so you will have 256
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    40s so that means
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    you can allocate this one to 40 a big
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    big
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    entities within your organization
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    and then what you do is you take
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    so you have to
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    256 40s
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    say you you have a big pie
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    and you take the pie
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    cut into 40s first so you will get
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    256 pieces
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    and then you take the first piece here
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    right
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    and then you cut that first piece
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    i would say
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    take the first piece
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    and cut that first piece this is a 40
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    subnet
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    and you can create
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    how many 44s so you can create
  • 16:21 - 16:23
    from 40 to
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    44 you can create
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    44
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    you can create 16 subnets of 44.
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    and let me go to the block again so 48
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    to 44
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    and then
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    uh so we are coming in this side
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    so
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    it recommends 36 also so you can do 36
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    before 40. so
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    let me go here
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    32
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    and you go to
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    36
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    so you have 16 36 subnets
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    and you take the first 36
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    and make it
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    as
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    40s
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    and you can create another
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    16
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    40s
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    and you take the 40s
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    and do 44.
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    and you take the first one
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    that's not going to change
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    here
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    uh they take the first one and create 44
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    you have another 16 inside
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    and then you take that
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    44
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    and you create
  • 17:51 - 17:52
    48
  • 17:52 - 17:55
    so you have another 16 here
  • 17:55 - 17:57
    right
  • 17:57 - 18:00
    and this one will give you so many
  • 18:00 - 18:02
    address so if you look at so you take
  • 18:02 - 18:05
    this 48
  • 18:07 - 18:09
    and
  • 18:09 - 18:10
    divide this
  • 18:10 - 18:11
    into
  • 18:11 - 18:16
    64 subnets this is the recommended uh
  • 18:16 - 18:17
    client subnet
  • 18:17 - 18:24
    so you take uh 64. so you have 65 536
  • 18:24 - 18:26
    client subnets you can
  • 18:26 - 18:29
    create from 148.
  • 18:29 - 18:32
    so think about how many subnets you
  • 18:32 - 18:33
    already have
  • 18:33 - 18:36
    so if you go to the cheat sheet
  • 18:36 - 18:38
    and if you look at
  • 18:38 - 18:40
    here
  • 18:41 - 18:44
    you have a slash 64
  • 18:44 - 18:45
    right
  • 18:45 - 18:48
    uh you have a slash 64
  • 18:48 - 18:51
    65 536
  • 18:51 - 18:53
    subnets
  • 18:53 - 18:56
    and each subnet can have
  • 18:56 - 18:58
    this many hosts
  • 18:58 - 18:59
    so
  • 18:59 - 19:02
    that's why you know ip version 6 is
  • 19:02 - 19:03
    enormous
  • 19:03 - 19:05
    and you get
  • 19:05 - 19:07
    trillions and trillions of
  • 19:07 - 19:08
    addresses
  • 19:08 - 19:10
    you can get so let me
  • 19:10 - 19:11
    look at
  • 19:11 - 19:13
    how many
  • 19:13 - 19:14
    c
  • 19:14 - 19:16
    client ip
  • 19:16 - 19:19
    in ip
  • 19:19 - 19:22
    ipv6
  • 19:25 - 19:27
    so
  • 19:29 - 19:32
    let me how many ip addresses does
  • 19:32 - 19:35
    support
  • 19:36 - 19:40
    so it it support this many you know is
  • 19:40 - 19:42
    unbelievable
  • 19:42 - 19:44
    uh this is equal to
  • 19:44 - 19:48
    340 trillion trillion trillion ip
  • 19:48 - 19:50
    addresses so
  • 19:50 - 19:53
    that's why they created this ip address
  • 19:53 - 19:54
    never
  • 19:54 - 19:58
    deplete like ipv4 address hope you liked
  • 19:58 - 20:01
    this video if so please hit the like
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    button below and subscribe
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    release my next video
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    thanks for watching and see you next
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    time
Title:
IPv6 Subnetting Made Simple – Explained in Detail
Description:

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Video Language:
English
Duration:
20:17

English subtitles

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