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IPv6 Subnetting Made Simple – Explained in Detail

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    In this video, I'm going to show you how
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    to do IP version 6 subnetting. IP version
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    6 is little bit of scary. It's not like
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    IP version 4
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    with regular decimal numbers that we
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    can understand.
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    IP version 6 uses hexadecimal number
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    that we normally don't use every day.
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    That's why it's
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    much difficult to fathom those numbers.
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    Regardless, IP version 6 is going to be
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    the next generation internet protocol.
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    And its adoption is increasing faster.
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    If we look at the overall traffic and the
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    network advertisements,
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    over 25% of all
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    internet-connected networks advertise
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    IP version 6 connectivity. So you can
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    tell
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    this is going to
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    increase further, not going to go down.
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    So that means we all have to get
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    familiarized with IP version 6
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    like we did with IP version 4.
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    If we look at the IP version 6, it
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    has 8 groups of four hexadecimal digits.
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    You see here, four hexadecimal digit and
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    a total of eight groups separated by
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    colons.
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    And the first part is- first three is
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    used for network parts. It's like IP
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    version 4. IP version 4
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    has different classes, and there is
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    network
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    digits and
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    client digits.
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    Likewise in here,
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    it has network portion and the subnet
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    portion
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    and the
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    client ID portion.
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    So let me go a little further and look
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    at
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    the IP version 6
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    addressing.
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    So
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    there are eight groups, and
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    each one is a hexadecimal digit. So here
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    you have four hexadecimal digit,
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    and each hexadecimal digit
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    has
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    four
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    binary bits.
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    So that means
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    one group is going to be 4 into 4
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    16, and if you multiply 16 into 8, you
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    come up with 128.
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    So
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    IP version 6 is 128 bit long,
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    not like IP version 4, which is 32
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    bit long. So if you look at the chart,
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    this is a hexadecimal chart. As I told
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    you before, each hexadecimal digit
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    is
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    composed of
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    4 binary numbers, and it goes from
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    0 to 15.
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    And the hex- this is the decimal
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    number, 0 to 15. So we are not going to
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    use
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    these decimal numbers, we are going to
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    use the hexadecimal representation.
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    And
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    it goes from 0
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    up to 9 as same as a decimal,
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    and then goes into 'A' to 'F'.
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    That's what
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    it makes a hexadecimal number. And these
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    are the binary representation of these
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    numbers. So if we look at
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    here
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    2,
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    and 2 is- so these four numbers here,
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    that is 0 0 1 0,
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    that represent 2,
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    and you see here 0 0 1 0,
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    that's represent 2.
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    And let me go back there, and
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    so these are zeros so all of them are
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    going to be
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    zeros. That means eight
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    zeros and then 1. 1 is going to be
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    0 0 0 1. So if you go here 1,
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    that is 0 0 0 1. So that's how you
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    convert
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    hexadecimal
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    digit into binary bits.
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    So you know how to convert all of them.
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    So all these numbers
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    came from the hexadecimal
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    digits.
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    And when you write these numbers,
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    if you have all of them zeros,
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    consecutive zeros, in a group
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    you can represent by two colons.
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    But you cannot use these two colons
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    twice
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    because that will be problematic
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    because
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    you have- you know, the algorithm know
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    everything else come here
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    after zero, but if you put
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    two colons here,
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    it's going to-
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    it's not going to know how many groups
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    come here, how many groups come
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    here. So you can use these two colons
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    only once.
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    And then you can
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    remove these leading zeros,
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    so that means you can write it in a
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    different way. I'm going to get to that
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    in
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    another section here.
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    So if you look at here,
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    this is a
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    unedited,
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    unabbreviated IP version 6 number, and then
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    you can
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    make all zeros into one zero.
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    And
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    you can write it down as it is here,
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    there's nothing to abbreviate.
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    And here, you have two continuous
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    groups of zeros, so you can
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    represent this with
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    two colons.
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    So if you come
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    to the final thing,
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    so this come as it is, and you can
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    represent this
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    with a
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    single zero, and you have to write it as
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    it is. You can represent everything into
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    two colons.
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    And then you can remove this leading
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    zero,
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    and then you have to write this one as
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    it is. So this is the
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    abbreviated IP version 6
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    number because
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    writing a big, long 128 bit
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    is very cumbersome, so
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    if you can abbreviate,
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    you have to just put it this way.
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    So
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    let me go back
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    here. So we looked at
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    what is IP version 6 here,
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    and then we understand how we can
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    write IP version 6 addresses
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    and how we can abbreviate. So now we get
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    to the
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    IP version 6 subnetting part. Before we
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    go into subnetting part, we need to know
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    how to obtain IP version 6 address.
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    So if you are a regular customer,
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    you can get the IP version 6 address
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    from your ISP. If you are a Charter or
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    Verizon or AT&T
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    customer, your ISP will provide you with
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    an IP version 6 address.
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    But if you are an ISP or a large
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    enterprise
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    customer or a university or institution,
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    you have to
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    request a big block of IP addresses
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    because it's not like a customer, you
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    just get one IP and you're done with it.
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    They will need thousands and thousands
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    of
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    addresses for their large institution
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    and the customers.
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    So you have to request an IP version 6 block
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    from one of these organizations. So
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    this is called Regional
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    Internet Registry.
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    So there will be five of them
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    in different region. So if you are in
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    North America, you have to go
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    a r i n, ARIN.
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    They are the one providing you
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    the IP version 6 address. So you have to
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    contact and create a login with them, and
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    then request IP version 6 block. If you
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    already have a IP version
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    4 allocation from them, it's pretty
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    simple. The process would be pretty
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    simple.
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    Okay, so as I told you before,
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    this is the- the first three is going to
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    be the routing prefix.
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    And this is for
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    the subnet ID.
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    So routing prefix can be said it's
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    network,
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    and this is for subnet and this is for
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    clients.
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    So you will be getting the first two
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    portion
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    from the ARIN. That's if you are North
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    America,
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    these two will come from
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    the ARIN. And then
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    the third one is going to represent your
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    region or your institution. So if you are
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    a university,
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    you can decide this part of it.
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    So let me go to the block so you will
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    understand it further.
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    So block size,
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    if you are a big, large institution,
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    you will be provided with
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    /32 address. So /32 means
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    each block is 16. So 16 into 232 so
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    you will end up with only these 2 and
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    you have to make up everything else from
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    there.
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    And if you are,
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    you know, if you have this many size,
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    next level is
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    36 block, and next level is 40 and
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    44 and 48. If you have one single site,
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    you will be provided with /48.
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    Okay, so let's look at- I'm going to go
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    here first.
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    This is the IP version 6
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    subnet cheat sheet.
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    Let me go in there before I start the
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    subnetting part of it. So if you see here,
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    IP version 6 subnet cheat sheet and ipv6
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    cheat sheet reference. This tells you, okay,
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    how many IP address you will get if you
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    use this CIDR number. So /28,
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    you have just 1. It's like a /32
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    in IP version
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    4.
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    And then if you go down to the path, you
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    know, it will be increasing,
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    and then
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    you come here,
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    that will be
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    64, residential.
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    So
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    if a block is
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    /64.
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    Let me tell you one thing here. So
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    that means
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    in IP version 6-
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    4, we have a concept. It's like you
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    cannot use the first IP and last IP. That
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    is used for
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    network and for the
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    broadcast IP. But IP version 6 is not like that.
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    You can use all the IPs available. So if
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    you get a
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    /64,
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    that means-
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    let me go here, and then I'll show you.
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    Here. So
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    this is where the /64 comes. So if
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    you see like a 4
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    network part and subnet id
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    slash 64 here so that means
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    if you are getting a slash 64 you have
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    only
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    one
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    network one subnet
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    so that's why
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    one side
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    that's why it this
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    this is telling you
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    a residential allocation slash 64. and
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    other 64 all can be host
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    so you can
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    have
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    this many number of hosts in a slash 64
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    ip address
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    block
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    and you go down here
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    and then you come here it's a business
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    if you are using a slash 48 it's going
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    to be a
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    business one
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    and
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    if you are
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    go
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    this is 32
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    is going to be the
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    isp allocation so if you are a charter
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    communication or
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    a tnt a verizon uh aaron will be
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    providing them with the slash 32
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    uh subnet
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    and that's the one you can
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    get uh the biggest one you can get from
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    aaron or any other uh
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    internet registry so let me go back here
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    and we
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    i'm going to go to this
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    calculator this is where i'm going to do
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    the
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    the calculation part of it
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    so uh for this i'm going to grab
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    an address here
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    so i can show you
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    how the allocation works so
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    so this is the address
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    i have been given by aaron
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    so it's going to be two
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    colons
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    and
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    that's going to be 32.
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    so you uh say if you are isp or
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    university you will be provided with
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    this block so when you get this block
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    you put this one here
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    and you can go down here and find out
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    how many
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    smaller subnet you can create from this
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    block so
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    if you have just 32 is just one subnet
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    and if you are going to create two
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    subnets
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    from this 32 that will be
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    33. so if you can go down here all the
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    way
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    and that will be
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    uh you know
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    tells you if you under 60 subnets you
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    will be having a lot many subnets here
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    so the best idea in subnetting is if you
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    are going to
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    divide this 32
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    uh
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    you have to follow
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    this one uh let me show you
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    this
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    allocation uh
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    typing
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    this allocation type so
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    for one site
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    think about you have a big site you had
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    a you have a very big department
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    or something so
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    say
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    school of engineering you want to
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    allocate them with the 48
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    so i will go
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    here so you have to start with first you
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    start with 40 that's the recommendation
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    from 32 go to 40
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    so you will have 256
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    40s so that means
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    you can allocate this one to 40 a big
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    big
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    entities within your organization
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    and then what you do is you take
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    so you have to
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    256 40s
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    say you you have a big pie
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    and you take the pie
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    cut into 40s first so you will get
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    256 pieces
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    and then you take the first piece here
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    right
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    and then you cut that first piece
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    i would say
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    take the first piece
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    and cut that first piece this is a 40
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    subnet
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    and you can create
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    how many 44s so you can create
  • 16:21 - 16:23
    from 40 to
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    44 you can create
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    44
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    you can create 16 subnets of 44.
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    and let me go to the block again so 48
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    to 44
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    and then
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    uh so we are coming in this side
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    so
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    it recommends 36 also so you can do 36
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    before 40. so
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    let me go here
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    32
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    and you go to
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    36
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    so you have 16 36 subnets
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    and you take the first 36
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    and make it
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    as
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    40s
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    and you can create another
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    16
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    40s
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    and you take the 40s
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    and do 44.
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    and you take the first one
  • 17:27 - 17:30
    that's not going to change
  • 17:30 - 17:31
    here
  • 17:31 - 17:35
    uh they take the first one and create 44
  • 17:35 - 17:40
    you have another 16 inside
  • 17:40 - 17:43
    and then you take that
  • 17:43 - 17:46
    44
  • 17:48 - 17:51
    and you create
  • 17:51 - 17:52
    48
  • 17:52 - 17:55
    so you have another 16 here
  • 17:55 - 17:57
    right
  • 17:57 - 18:00
    and this one will give you so many
  • 18:00 - 18:02
    address so if you look at so you take
  • 18:02 - 18:05
    this 48
  • 18:07 - 18:09
    and
  • 18:09 - 18:10
    divide this
  • 18:10 - 18:11
    into
  • 18:11 - 18:16
    64 subnets this is the recommended uh
  • 18:16 - 18:17
    client subnet
  • 18:17 - 18:24
    so you take uh 64. so you have 65 536
  • 18:24 - 18:26
    client subnets you can
  • 18:26 - 18:29
    create from 148.
  • 18:29 - 18:32
    so think about how many subnets you
  • 18:32 - 18:33
    already have
  • 18:33 - 18:36
    so if you go to the cheat sheet
  • 18:36 - 18:38
    and if you look at
  • 18:38 - 18:40
    here
  • 18:41 - 18:44
    you have a slash 64
  • 18:44 - 18:45
    right
  • 18:45 - 18:48
    uh you have a slash 64
  • 18:48 - 18:51
    65 536
  • 18:51 - 18:53
    subnets
  • 18:53 - 18:56
    and each subnet can have
  • 18:56 - 18:58
    this many hosts
  • 18:58 - 18:59
    so
  • 18:59 - 19:02
    that's why you know ip version 6 is
  • 19:02 - 19:03
    enormous
  • 19:03 - 19:05
    and you get
  • 19:05 - 19:07
    trillions and trillions of
  • 19:07 - 19:08
    addresses
  • 19:08 - 19:10
    you can get so let me
  • 19:10 - 19:11
    look at
  • 19:11 - 19:13
    how many
  • 19:13 - 19:14
    c
  • 19:14 - 19:16
    client ip
  • 19:16 - 19:19
    in ip
  • 19:19 - 19:22
    ipv6
  • 19:25 - 19:27
    so
  • 19:29 - 19:32
    let me how many ip addresses does
  • 19:32 - 19:35
    support
  • 19:36 - 19:40
    so it it support this many you know is
  • 19:40 - 19:42
    unbelievable
  • 19:42 - 19:44
    uh this is equal to
  • 19:44 - 19:48
    340 trillion trillion trillion ip
  • 19:48 - 19:50
    addresses so
  • 19:50 - 19:53
    that's why they created this ip address
  • 19:53 - 19:54
    never
  • 19:54 - 19:58
    deplete like ipv4 address hope you liked
  • 19:58 - 20:01
    this video if so please hit the like
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    button below and subscribe
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    if you want to get notified when i
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    release my next video
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    bell
  • 20:09 - 20:11
    thanks for watching and see you next
  • 20:11 - 20:14
    time
Title:
IPv6 Subnetting Made Simple – Explained in Detail
Description:

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Video Language:
English
Duration:
20:17

English subtitles

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